| Strand Nurses Bureau

In response to the heatwave warning recently issued by the Department of Health, Strand Nurses Bureau and Advantage Healthcare are using their network of 24 branches across the UK to highlight the dangers of heat-related illness. Personnel in the Strand office are promoting ways to stay safe in the heat, and are on high alert to spot symptoms amongst their clients and workers.

Katrina Templeton, National Quality and Development Manager for Advantage Healthcare, has this advice to help you, your friends, your loved ones and neighbours stay safe this summer.

Who is at risk?

Extreme heat is dangerous to everyone but particularly to older people, especially those aged over 75, babies or small children, and those who live alone or in a care home. Those suffering from mental ill health or dementia are also vulnerable, as too are people who are bed-bound or reliant on others for assistance with day-to-day activities. There are also a number of medications which can exacerbate the risk of heat-related illness, such as diuretics, beta blockers, anti-anginal and anti-hypertensive drugs. If you are taking medication for these, or medications which might reduce the function of your kidneys, reduce your body’s ability to regulate it’s own temperature, reduce your alertness, or those which reduce your blood pressure, you may also be at additional risk.

Those who suffer from chronic illnesses such as malnutrition, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, obesity, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular conditions may also be at more risk. It’s important not to worry, but you should be aware of the symptoms of heat-related illness and make plans to keep as cool as possible.

What symptoms should I look out for?

There are varying degrees of heat-related illness ranging from heat exhaustion through to full-blown heatstroke. Common symptoms of heat exhaustion include a high body temperature, dizziness, headaches and nausea, as well as a weak pulse. You may also experience vomiting, pale skin, and muscle weakness or cramps.

If untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke which can occur suddenly and without warning. It is important to note that heatstroke is an extremely serious condition which could lead to organ failure, brain damage or even death. In the heatwave of 2003, for example, more than 2,000 people died in England alone and 85% of these were amongst people aged 75 and over.

Symptoms of heatstroke to watch out for include becoming confused or disorientated, having a racing or thumping pulse, becoming flushed and experiencing a very rapid rise in your body temperature. You may also experience hot and dry skin, convulsions and even unconsciousness. Because many of these symptoms may affect your ability to seek help, it is important that you act early, and that you watch out for these in friends, family and neighbours – particularly if they are elderly or vulnerable.

How can I avoid heatstroke?

The best way to avoid heat-related illness is through prevention. Simple, common-sense steps such as listening to your local weather forecast and following health advice will help you plan ahead. Stay out of the heat as much as possible, and try and avoid going outside during the hottest part of the day (11am to 3pm). If you must go outside avoid strenuous activity, stay in the shade, and wear a hat.

You can also shade any south-facing windows, keep rooms as well ventilated as possible, and ensure that you do not allow your body to overheat. If your body temperature is rising, take regular cool showers and wear light, loose clothing in natural materials such as cotton to absorb sweat and prevent skin irritation. Many people find splashing cool water on their face and neck can assist in bringing down their temperature, but most importantly you should drink regularly – even if you don’t necessarily feel thirsty – avoid alcohol and caffeine and instead choose water or fruit juices. Eat normally and include cold food with a high water content, such as salads and fruit in your diet if possible.

If you undertake any form on long-distance driving, ensure that you travel prepared. Take a supply of water and snacks, ideally in a cold bag, and bear in mind that you may be delayed due to traffic congestion. Take frequent breaks as heat can lead to lower levels of concentration and can cause tiredness. Ultimately, question whether your journey is essential; if it can be delayed, be prepared to change your plans if necessary.

How can I help elderly or vulnerable family, friends or neighbours?

Alertness is the key; try and keep in contact with any vulnerable people during the hot weather, and be aware of the symptoms detailed. Also, watch for difficulty in sleeping, changes in behaviour and tiredness as these could be early indicators of a problem. Make them aware of how best to reach you if they are concerned or struggle to lower their own temperature, and if you are at all worried seek assistance.

What should I do if I suspect any of the symptoms?

If you or a friend, loved one or neighbour experience any of the milder symptoms, rest for several hours, keep cool and drink plenty of water or fruit juice. If you are still concerned phone your GP, talk to your pharmacist, or call NHS Direct on 0845 4647. If you suspect that a person is suffering from heatstroke however, call 999 immediately and while you are waiting for an ambulance try to cool them down by moving them to a cooler location, giving them a cool shower or using a fan to reduce their body temperature, and encouraging them to drink plenty of fluids. Remember that heat is a proven killer and vigilance can literally save lives.

For further information from the NHS, click here.

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